This review examines how influenza A virus proteins manipulate host apoptosis pathways to support viral replication and how those changes can contribute to disease severity. It summarizes host and viral signaling molecules involved in cell death and extracellular immune responses. The paper is mechanistic background on influenza pathogenesis and does not test beta-glucan, Aureobasidium pullulans, or a treatment.
Review of apoptosis-related signaling in influenza replication and disease.
The paper provides mechanistic background only and contains no beta-glucan intervention.
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Iwai, Atsushi; Shiozaki, Takuya; Miyazaki, Tadaaki. Relevance of signaling molecules for apoptosis induction on influenza A virus replication. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.100.
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